Four divisions, the legislative, executive, judiciary,
and military, comprise the Communist Government of the People's Republic of
China.
The People’s Republic of China has been ruled by the Communist
Party since 1949 when it won the Chinese Civil War by overthrowing the
Nationalist government. Under the Constitution, the Communist party has the
complete political authority and governs according to democratic centralism.
This governmental system allows for open discussion about policy decisions, but
all members of the government are required to uphold collective decisions once
a vote is made. Several smaller political parties comprise the United Front,
although, they do not hold power or independence from the Communist party.
The Politburo Standing Committee
controls the Communist party and the military; it has between 4 and 9 members.
The majority of governmental power, however, is concentrated in one position,
the Paramount Leader. This leader holds several other titles as well: the
General Secretary of the Communist Party, General Secretary of the Central
Committee, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and President of the
country. The government is further divided into 4 branches: the legislative,
the executive, the judicial, and the military.
Legislative Branch Of
The Government of China
The legislative branch of the
government of China consists of the highest department of the Communist party,
the National People’s Congress. This body plays a role in debating policy
proposals and mediating discussions among its 2,987 members. Representatives are
elected for 5-year terms and meet once a year. Amendments to the constitution
are considered after proposed by at least 20% of its members and are approved
by a two-thirds vote. The Congress also writes and amends laws concerning civil
affairs, state issues, and criminal acts. Additionally, it is responsible for
electing the members of the Standing Committee, the President and Vice
President of the country, and the Premier of the State Council. Additionally,
the Congress reviews and approves the National Economic and Social Development
Plan and oversees its proper administration.
Executive Branch Of
The Government of China
The executive branch is made up of the
State Council, the Premier, and the President. The President serves as a
ceremonial head of state for a 5-year term and has little power within the
government. The Premier acts as a Prime Minister and is head of the 50-member
Council, each member the head of a ministry or government agency. These members
manage the provincial governments and meet once every 6 months. The State
Council must answer to the National People’s Congress and ensure that its
legislative decisions are carried out.
Judicial Branch Of
The Government of China
The Supreme People’s Court and the
Supreme People’s Procuratorate are part of the judicial branch of the Chinese
government. The Supreme Court is the highest in the land, and the National
People’s Congress appoints its 340 judges. These judges oversee the following
courts: economic, criminal, civil, administrative, and special courts. The
Chief Grand Justice also serves as the President over the Supreme Court. The
Supreme People’s Procuratorate carries out investigation and prosecution of
crimes. It is managed by the Office of the Procurator-General.
Military Branch Of
The Government of China
The Central Military Commission
consists of 11 members and is responsible for controlling the People’s
Liberation Army, the People’s Liberation Army militia, and the People’s Armed
Police. It does this by creating military policy and ensuring that it is
carried out by the lower offices. Additionally, this Commission makes decisions
about deployment of its armed forces and budget spending. The head of this
Commission is the Chairman, who acts as the Commander-in-Chief of the military.
The National People’s Congress elects the Chairman of the country.
for further reading:https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-type-of-government-does-china-have.html
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